1099 Contractor in North Dakota with a Arizona Client: Where Do You File?
Answer
Two possible returns, one certainty. The certainty is North Dakota, which taxes residents on all self-employment income and expects quarterly estimated payments. The possibility is Arizona, which taxes nonresidents on services actually performed inside the state — invoices sent there do not count.
Last verified
The client's location is the wrong thing to track. What matters is where you were sitting when you did the work — which is why a contractor's exposure to Arizona is measured in days on the ground rather than in invoices sent.
Arizona publishes no de minimis day count or dollar floor for nonresidents. Any Arizona-source wage income above the state's general filing threshold requires a nonresident return, and that threshold is reset each year — check the current figure on the Arizona Department of Revenue nonresident instructions before filing.
What you file
- 1Quarterly estimated payments · North Dakota
Make quarterly estimated payments to North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner on your full self-employment income — nothing is withheld from a 1099.
- 2Nonresident return · ArizonaForm 140NR
File a Arizona nonresident return only if you performed services inside Arizona. Arizona publishes no de minimis day count or dollar floor for nonresidents. Any Arizona-source wage income above the state's general filing threshold requires a nonresident return, and that threshold is reset each year — check the current figure on the Arizona Department of Revenue nonresident instructions before filing.
- 3Resident return · North DakotaSchedule ND-1CR
File the North Dakota resident return last and claim the credit for any tax paid to Arizona.
The two states, side by side
| North Dakota | Arizona | |
|---|---|---|
| Taxes wages | Yes — graduated | Yes — graduated |
| Reciprocity partners | 2 (Form NDW-R) | None |
| Convenience rule | No | No |
| Nonresident return | Form ND-1 with Schedule ND-1NR | Form 140NR |
| Credit for other-state tax | Schedule ND-1CR | Form 309 |
| Nonresident safe harbour | None published | None published |
| Local income tax | No | No |
| Revenue department | North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner | Arizona Department of Revenue |
| Last verified |
The other direction
Reversing the commute does not always reverse the answer. Living in Arizona and working in North Dakota gives:Home state, plus the client state if you work there.
Same two states, different situation
The withholding answer turns on how you are paid and where the work happens, not only on which two states are involved.
- W-2 commuter: North Dakota → ArizonaBoth states — credit offsets the double tax
- Remote worker: North Dakota → ArizonaHome state only
- Moved mid-year: North Dakota → ArizonaTwo part-year returns
Other North Dakota pairs
Questions people actually ask
I live in North Dakota and my client is in Arizona. Do I have to file a Arizona tax return?
Two possible returns, one certainty. The certainty is North Dakota, which taxes residents on all self-employment income and expects quarterly estimated payments. The possibility is Arizona, which taxes nonresidents on services actually performed inside the state — invoices sent there do not count.
Do reciprocity agreements help a 1099 contractor?
No. Every state reciprocity agreement in the country is an arrangement about wage withholding between two revenue departments, and a 1099 has no withholding to switch off. Whether North Dakota and Arizona hold an agreement makes no difference to a self-employed filer — sourcing rules decide the answer instead.
How current is this?
The North Dakota and Arizona rules on this page were last checked against North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner and Arizona Department of Revenue on 2026-08-07. We re-check the full grid every December after state legislative sessions close, and re-check the convenience-of-the-employer states quarterly because that is where the rules move fastest.
Sources
Every fact above comes from the revenue department that publishes the rule. We do not cite secondary summaries, and we do not restate a figure we could not find at source.
- North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07
- Arizona Department of Revenue — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07