Live in Pennsylvania, Work Remotely for a Alabama Employer: Who Taxes You?
Answer
Pennsylvania gets all of it. Because Alabama does not tax wage income, no Alabama withholding exists and no Alabama return is required — but Pennsylvania taxes residents on worldwide income, so every dollar earned in Alabama still belongs on your Pennsylvania resident return.
Last verified
The instinct that working in a no-tax state means paying no tax is the single most expensive misunderstanding in this niche. Alabama takes nothing, but Pennsylvania still taxes residents on income earned anywhere, so the full amount lands on your Pennsylvania return.
Alabama also has a layer below the state one, and it is the layer that survives every agreement: Several Alabama municipalities levy an occupational licence fee on wages earned inside the city — Birmingham is the largest. It is collected by the city, not the Department of Revenue, and no state agreement or credit covers it.
What you file
- 1Resident return · Pennsylvania
File a Pennsylvania resident return reporting all of your income.
The two states, side by side
| Pennsylvania | Alabama | |
|---|---|---|
| Taxes wages | Yes — flat | Yes — graduated |
| Reciprocity partners | 6 (Form REV-419) | None |
| Convenience rule | Yes — general rule | No |
| Nonresident return | Form PA-40 (nonresident) | Form 40NR |
| Credit for other-state tax | Schedule G-L | Schedule CR |
| Nonresident safe harbour | None published | None published |
| Local income tax | Yes | Yes |
| Revenue department | Pennsylvania Department of Revenue | Alabama Department of Revenue |
| Last verified |
The other direction
Reversing the commute does not always reverse the answer. Living in Alabama and working in Pennsylvania gives:Convenience-of-the-employer rule — both states tax you.
Same two states, different situation
The withholding answer turns on how you are paid and where the work happens, not only on which two states are involved.
- W-2 commuter: Pennsylvania → AlabamaBoth states — credit offsets the double tax
- 1099 contractor: Pennsylvania → AlabamaHome state, plus the client state if you work there
- Moved mid-year: Pennsylvania → AlabamaTwo part-year returns
Other Pennsylvania pairs
Questions people actually ask
I live in Pennsylvania and work remotely for a Alabama employer. Which state do I pay?
Pennsylvania gets all of it. Because Alabama does not tax wage income, no Alabama withholding exists and no Alabama return is required — but Pennsylvania taxes residents on worldwide income, so every dollar earned in Alabama still belongs on your Pennsylvania resident return.
Which state should my employer be withholding for?
Pennsylvania. Your employer should withhold Pennsylvania tax rather than Alabama tax on these wages. If a Alabama line is showing on your pay stub, raise it with payroll now rather than at filing time.
Does my Alabama employer's location alone create a Alabama tax obligation?
No. Alabama sources wages to the place where the work is physically performed, and it does not apply a convenience-of-the-employer rule that would override that. Days you actually spend working inside Alabama are a different matter — those are Alabama-source income and can require a nonresident return.
How current is this?
The Pennsylvania and Alabama rules on this page were last checked against Pennsylvania Department of Revenue and Alabama Department of Revenue on 2026-08-07. We re-check the full grid every December after state legislative sessions close, and re-check the convenience-of-the-employer states quarterly because that is where the rules move fastest.
Sources
Every fact above comes from the revenue department that publishes the rule. We do not cite secondary summaries, and we do not restate a figure we could not find at source.
- Pennsylvania Department of Revenue — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07
- Pennsylvania — Form REV-419accessed 2026-08-07
- Pennsylvania Personal Income Tax Guide — Income Subject to Tax Withholdingaccessed 2026-08-07
- Alabama Department of Revenue — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07