Live in North Dakota, Work in Ohio: Which State Taxes Your Paycheck?
Answer
Two returns, one credit. Ohio has the first claim on wages earned inside the state and withholds accordingly. North Dakota then taxes you as a resident on everything and gives credit for what Ohio already took, capped at what North Dakota would have charged on that same income.
Last verified
Two states can lawfully tax the same wages: Ohio because the work happened there, North Dakota because you live there. Nothing prevents the overlap in advance — it is unwound afterwards, on the North Dakota return, through the credit for taxes paid to another state.
A North Dakota resident taxed by another state on the same income claims the credit for taxes paid to other states on Schedule ND-1CR. The credit is capped at the North Dakota tax on that income, so it removes the double tax but never refunds the excess when the other state charges more.
Ohio also has a layer below the state one, and it is the layer that survives every agreement: Ohio has the densest local income tax in the country: several hundred municipalities levy a municipal income tax, and many school districts levy their own on top. Neither is covered by the reciprocal agreements. A Pennsylvania resident working in Columbus pays no Ohio state tax and full Columbus city tax.
What you file
- 1Nonresident return · OhioForm IT 1040 with Schedule IT NRC
File the Ohio nonresident return FIRST — you need the Ohio tax figure before you can complete North Dakota.
- 2Resident return · North DakotaSchedule ND-1CR
File a North Dakota resident return reporting all income, then claim the credit for tax paid to Ohio. The credit is capped at what North Dakota would have charged on that same income, so if Ohio taxes it at a higher rate the difference is not refunded.
The two states, side by side
| North Dakota | Ohio | |
|---|---|---|
| Taxes wages | Yes — graduated | Yes — graduated |
| Reciprocity partners | 2 (Form NDW-R) | 5 (Form IT 4NR) |
| Convenience rule | No | No |
| Nonresident return | Form ND-1 with Schedule ND-1NR | Form IT 1040 with Schedule IT NRC |
| Credit for other-state tax | Schedule ND-1CR | Ohio Schedule of Credits (resident credit) |
| Nonresident safe harbour | None published | None published |
| Local income tax | No | Yes |
| Revenue department | North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner | Ohio Department of Taxation |
| Last verified |
The other direction
Reversing the commute does not always reverse the answer. Living in Ohio and working in North Dakota gives:Both states — credit offsets the double tax.
Same two states, different situation
The withholding answer turns on how you are paid and where the work happens, not only on which two states are involved.
- Remote worker: North Dakota → OhioHome state only
- 1099 contractor: North Dakota → OhioHome state, plus the client state if you work there
- Moved mid-year: North Dakota → OhioTwo part-year returns
Other North Dakota pairs
Questions people actually ask
I live in North Dakota and work in Ohio. Which state takes the tax out of my paycheck?
Two returns, one credit. Ohio has the first claim on wages earned inside the state and withholds accordingly. North Dakota then taxes you as a resident on everything and gives credit for what Ohio already took, capped at what North Dakota would have charged on that same income.
Which state should my employer be withholding for?
Ohio. The wages are sourced to Ohio, so Ohio withholding is correct and there is no North Dakota withholding to set up.
Will I end up paying tax twice on the same income?
Not twice over, but you will pay the higher of the two rates. North Dakota gives residents a credit for tax paid to Ohio on the same income, claimed on Schedule ND-1CR. The credit is capped at the North Dakota tax on that income, so if Ohio taxes it more heavily the excess is not refunded by either state.
How current is this?
The North Dakota and Ohio rules on this page were last checked against North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner and Ohio Department of Taxation on 2026-08-07. We re-check the full grid every December after state legislative sessions close, and re-check the convenience-of-the-employer states quarterly because that is where the rules move fastest.
Sources
Every fact above comes from the revenue department that publishes the rule. We do not cite secondary summaries, and we do not restate a figure we could not find at source.
- North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07
- Ohio Department of Taxation — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07
- Ohio — Form IT 4NRaccessed 2026-08-07