Live in Florida, Work Remotely for a North Dakota Employer: Who Taxes You?
Answer
This is the best case in the whole matrix. Living in a no-income-tax state and working remotely for an employer in North Dakota — a state with no convenience rule — means no state withholding and no state return anywhere. Check that your employer is not withholding North Dakota tax by mistake.
Last verified
An employer's address is not a tax nexus for its employees. Working from Florida keeps the income Florida-source, and since Florida levies no tax on wages, the income lands nowhere at all.
What you file
There is nothing to file in either Florida or North Dakota on these wages. Your federal return is unaffected — the federal government taxes the income whatever the states do.
The two states, side by side
| Florida | North Dakota | |
|---|---|---|
| Taxes wages | No | Yes — graduated |
| Reciprocity partners | None | 2 (Form NDW-R) |
| Convenience rule | No | No |
| Nonresident return | Not applicable | Form ND-1 with Schedule ND-1NR |
| Credit for other-state tax | No income tax | Schedule ND-1CR |
| Nonresident safe harbour | Not applicable | None published |
| Local income tax | No | No |
| Revenue department | Florida Department of Revenue | North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner |
| Last verified |
The other direction
Reversing the commute does not always reverse the answer. Living in North Dakota and working in Florida gives:Home state only.
Same two states, different situation
The withholding answer turns on how you are paid and where the work happens, not only on which two states are involved.
- W-2 commuter: Florida → North DakotaWork state only
- 1099 contractor: Florida → North DakotaClient state only, if you work there
- Moved mid-year: Florida → North DakotaOne part-year return — the state you moved to
Other Florida pairs
Questions people actually ask
I live in Florida and work remotely for a North Dakota employer. Which state do I pay?
This is the best case in the whole matrix. Living in a no-income-tax state and working remotely for an employer in North Dakota — a state with no convenience rule — means no state withholding and no state return anywhere. Check that your employer is not withholding North Dakota tax by mistake.
Which state should my employer be withholding for?
Neither. There is no state income tax to withhold on either side of this pairing, so a state line on your pay stub for Florida or North Dakota is an error worth querying.
Does my North Dakota employer's location alone create a North Dakota tax obligation?
No. North Dakota sources wages to the place where the work is physically performed, and it does not apply a convenience-of-the-employer rule that would override that. Days you actually spend working inside North Dakota are a different matter — those are North Dakota-source income and can require a nonresident return.
How current is this?
The Florida and North Dakota rules on this page were last checked against Florida Department of Revenue and North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner on 2026-08-07. We re-check the full grid every December after state legislative sessions close, and re-check the convenience-of-the-employer states quarterly because that is where the rules move fastest.
Sources
Every fact above comes from the revenue department that publishes the rule. We do not cite secondary summaries, and we do not restate a figure we could not find at source.
- Florida Department of Revenue — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07
- North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner — individual income taxaccessed 2026-08-07